Wednesday, July 8, 2020
Free Persuasive Essay on Raising Minimum Wage
The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased to Help Low-Income Earners Get Out of Poverty The Minimum Wage Essay Introduction The concept of the minimum wage has sparked a major debate among economists and politicians in the United States of America. After recovering from the major recession that rocked the United States, the economy has still been on its knees for more than five years. It has made a serious impact on the main investors. However, the most significant influence has been on workers and families that have continuously survived on the minimum wage. This wage has been noted to be the same many decades after the end of the World War and has not gotten a review despite the standards of living going up. However, as many people that rely on the minimum wage continue to suffer the effects of the rising standards of living on a low wage, the corporate class has continued to gain large profits. The essay about minimum wage raising will analyze the pros and cons of wage increase both for politics and the economy of the USA.
Thursday, July 2, 2020
SAT Blue Book
If you are using the SATà Blue Bookà (The Official SAT Study Guide), you will find thousands of practice questions. The College Board SAT Book is a must have in your arsenal for SAT preparation. The SAT book offers the level of questions you are most likely to encounter during the exam. While the quality of the material may be good, you will be surprised to find no explanations to the practice questions and the tests. Some students find it very tough to crack the answers and understand solutions with detailed explanations. If you cannot get access to them or decide not to use them, you fail to derive the true value from this SAT study guide. The good news though, is that the answer explanations for the questions in the SAT blue book are available! The bad news ââ¬â you have to go online and get it. Seems a little counterintuitive and annoying, but you have to sign up on the College Board website to gain access to the explanations. You will also need the SAT Blue book alongside for the practice questions which are not displayed online. If you want to get access to explanations, use the following link:à http://www.collegeboard.com/html/satstudyguide/ Click on the link of the book or DVD at the bottom, create your free account and gain access. Once inside, you can easily navigate your way through the site. It offers great analysis and answer explanations for your SAT practice questions and tests. The answer explanations are important because they will guide you towards the best strategy to solve the problem. Sometimes a problem may have multiple approaches and it is important to identify the most time-efficient way to solve the problem. This will certainly help you while solving similar problems during the SAT. While going through the SAT Blue BOOK, donââ¬â¢t rush straight to the answers. First, try to identify where you went wrong. Was it a simple mistake or lack of understanding of core concepts? Once you identify that, use the explanations in the College Board SAT book to see the best approach to solve the problem. Even if you answer the questions correctly, it maybe worthwhile checking out the explanations to make sure you are on the right track. If you are preparing for the SAT with the Blue Book, make sure to sign up for the explanations. Many students tend to skip the explanations since they have to go through the hassle of signing up for the explanations. While it may seem a little unnecessary in the beginning, it is a very important step in your preparation. To get better at SAT preparation, it is absolutely important that you understand the explanation and know your mistakes and strengths. It will keep you in good stead for the exam and prevent you from making the same mistakes again.
Tuesday, May 19, 2020
The Compensation Of Chief Executive Officers Essay
Introduction The compensation of chief executive officers and the methodology used to determine it has become a major topic of debate in the business world. Many people wonder not only why and how it has gotten to be so high, but also why it isnââ¬â¢t distributed amongst other major contributors inside the company, or even amongst the lower ranks of the workforce via an increase in wage rates. One of the more recent theories that provides an explanation to the increase in the pay of chief executive officers is the size of firms relative to earlier years in business development. Xavier Gabaix (2006, p. 50), states that his, ââ¬Å"central equation predicts that a CEOs equilibrium pay is increasing with both the size of his firm and the size of the average firm in the economy.â⬠This theory discusses largely that as the scope of the economy increases, it is only natural that CEOs be compensated at a higher rate. The reasoning behind this is that the CEOs are managing companies of higher value, and thus are in theory putting more work and effort into their companies as well. Based off this theory, it makes complete sense to do this. However, I have set out to see if I can discover any other concrete reasoning behind these often astronomical salaries, and if so, determine if this reasoning is useful in determining salaries across a wide range of industries and structures of very successful publicly traded companies. One of the main reasons I wanted to take a look at bothShow MoreRelatedChief Executive Officer Compensation in the Financial Industry1942 Words à |à 8 Pages The issue of chief executive officer compensation is the subject of dilemma in the United States. This dilemma often triggers questions as to who decides what compensation is rewarded, as well as how compensation is rewarded. The government strongly resents the current pay-ration between CEOs and the average salary of American citizens. Since the financial crisis, people have shown their displeasure with the hefty compensation chief executive officers receives. But when stunning management failuresRead MoreCEO Waives Annual Bonus1627 Words à |à 7 Pagesone the leading supermarkets in the United Kingdom. The chain was founded in 1899 by William Morrison, with headquarters situated in Bradford, England. At the beginning of 2010, Dalton Philips was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the company. Since becoming the companyââ¬â¢s Chief Executive, Dalton Philips has piloted Morrisons into various new business ventures geared towards the growth of profit. The company has introd uced e-commerce as a means of purchasing its goods and launched a series ofRead MoreA Conflict Of Interest Policy For The Board1618 Words à |à 7 PagesHelp protect its Tax exempt status as the Board operates in a manner consistent with their charitable purpose, properly oversee the activities of its directors, and pays no more than reasonable compensation to affiliated physicians and other highly compensated employees like the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operations Officerââ¬â¢s. d) Identify Independent Directors. e) Fulfill part requirements for filing IRS form 990. f) Incorporate procedures for transactions with Directors in order to help avoidRead MoreU.s. Securities And Exchange Commission1660 Words à |à 7 Pagesdebates over wages and compensation have been a growing topic of concern. Many people feel that they are entitled to earn more than they currently are. The comparison of executive wages and worker wages has created a backlash from the American public due to the extreme differences in pay. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission adopted the mandate by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that requires public companies to release their chief executive officers pay in relationshipRead MoreTesla s Executive Compensation Policy1700 Words à |à 7 Pages657 ââ¬Å"Teslaââ¬â¢s Executive Compensation Policyâ⬠à ¬ Edward E. Lalwer, a major contributor to theory, research, and practice in the fields of human resources management, compensation, organizational development, and organizational effectiveness, states an effective compensation system will support an organization s overall strategy as executive s impact many areas. Executive compensation is a business expense that should be reasonable and competitive because money spent on compensation is not availableRead MoreThe Ethics Behind A Ceo Making 600 Times More Than An Average Worker1440 Words à |à 6 Pagesnowhere,â⬠David Bonior (D-MI) has argued. Why is it that Chief Executive Officers of large companies are making upwards of 500 times more than their average worker? And why are some CEOs only making $1 per year in salary? This paper gives a forefront for different types of CEOs, including big box retail, technology, and mom-and-pop shops, and how their salaries affect those under them. Method The Facts Twenty years ago, Chief Executive Officers of companies only made approximately 35 times more thanRead MoreTop 10 Ceo in the World705 Words à |à 3 PagesTop 10 CEO Highest Paid in Compensation as of 2011 1. Apple CEO Tim Cook was the highest-paid chief executive at a public U.S. company in 2011 with total compensation of $378 million. After becoming CEO in August 2011, Apple had record profits in the first quarter of $13.06 billion. Equilar, an executive compensation data firm, compiled a list of CEO pay of companies with revenue over $5 billion that filed annual proxy statements by March 30, 2012. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) 2. OracleRead MoreHow An Employee Is Compensated855 Words à |à 4 Pagestheir fellow coworkers and their ability to generate profit in addition to many other skills required for their position. When companies take into account all of these attributes how do they determine how much money employee should receive? Chief executive officers are responsible for a companyââ¬â¢s success or failure, all responsibility is placed on their shoulders, so how much payment should CEOââ¬â¢s receive? According to entrepreneur.com an employee is an investment, ââ¬Å"You never want to pay more than theRead MoreOverview of Bluescope Steel Company1093 Words à |à 4 Pageswho include the Chairman, Deputy Chairman,Ãâà the Managing Director, Chief Executive Officer and six Non-Executive Directors. The company executive leadership team sees to the day-to-day administration of the company. Other executive team of the company is the Chief Executives of each region which the company is opera ting. For example, the company has a chief executive officer for Australia and New Zealand, and a Chief executive officer for Asia. Other management team is the President of BlueScope inRead MoreWhat Are The Best Practices For A Cio Policy Per The Irs? Essay804 Words à |à 4 Pagesis considered lower level employee? Issue #3: What are the best practices for a CIO policy per the IRS? Issue #4: Does our COI policy comply with these best practices? CONCLUSION: Issue #1: Lakewoodââ¬â¢s current COI policy applies to any director, officer, member of a committee with board delegated powers or senior staff member with any direct or indirect financial interest in respect to any outreach or exempt function. Issue #2: The current CIO policy does not apply to any employees who are not considered
Charles Dickensââ¬â¢ Novel, A Tale of Two Cities Essay
The French Revolution mainly took place in the city of Paris during the late 1700ââ¬â¢s. The Revolution did not only affect the people of France, but also the citizens of England as well. The French Revolution is known as one of the most brutal and inhumane periods of history. If one studied the beliefs and views of the people involved at the time, one would see a reoccurring theme of ââ¬Å" being recalled to lifeâ⬠. Born from the world of literature, Charles Dickensââ¬â¢ novel, A Tale of Two Cities takes a deeper look at the culture of the late 1700ââ¬â¢s, in both England and France. Dickens uses the character of Lucie Manette to further examine one of the major themes presented in the novel, consisting of the belief of one beingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Although the ââ¬Å"rebirthâ⬠does not take place right then Lucieââ¬â¢s love for her father is never doubted for even a second. In chapter six, when she sees her father for the very first time Lucie says to him, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦that your agony is over...I have come here to take you from it...â⬠(49), this marks the beginning of the doctorââ¬â¢s rebirth. Through this statement Dickens has Lucie promising that she will do anything for her father out of pure love. As the Manetteââ¬â¢s travel back to England, in time it becomes clear that Lucieââ¬â¢s love towards her father is beginning to have an impact on his behavior. In chapter five, of the second book Dr. Manette is able to carry on a complete conversation, which shows the readers that he is regaining his sanity. Later on in chapter seven of the third book, Dickens reminds his readers again of how far Dr.Manette has come since that first day in the Defargeââ¬â¢s attic, ââ¬Å"No garret, no shoemaking, no One Hundred and Five, North Tower, now! He had accomplished the task he had set himselfâ⬠¦ (285-6). It is at this moment that the reader knows he has been resorted back to his old self before he was in prison. T hroughout all the hardship and pain the doctor has to endure, his daughter Lucie never leaves his side. As Lucie continues to care for her father she also has another dear friend she begins to help, Sydney Carton. Unlike Lucie, when the reader is firstShow MoreRelatedJustified Killing in the Novel, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens587 Words à |à 2 PagesWould an average civilian help an innocent person whom they didnââ¬â¢t know if their life was in danger? Is everyone capable of killing under the right circumstances? This is one of the questions being analyzed during a unit on the Charles Dickens novel, A Tale of Two Cities at Washington Community High School. Some staff members at this high school agree that every person is capable of killing another human or animal if the conditions suggest it. There is some evidence to propose that the opposite isRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1393 Words à |à 6 Pagescritical acclaim, A Tale of Two Cities occ upies a central place in the cannon of Charles Dickensââ¬â¢ work. A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form starting on April 30, 1859, is a historical fiction novel. A dominant theme in this historical novel is the duality found in many of Dickensââ¬â¢ characters. Dickensââ¬â¢ A Tale of Two Cities is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elements of theme, plot, and character; and has received extensive criticism. A Tale of Two Cities is told in three partsRead MoreCharles Dickens A Great Writer1105 Words à |à 5 PagesOctober 2015 Remembering Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is a famous author who wrote numerous books which were enjoyed by many throughout the years. His books are known xquisite characters and real-life settings. Charles experienced difficult times as a young boy (ââ¬Å"Charles Dickensâ⬠par. 7). These difficult times followed him throughout his life. He uses ideas from these struggles to express his feelings through the books he writes. The many struggles of Charles Dickensââ¬â¢ early childhood greatlyRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities And The French Revolution1006 Words à |à 5 PagesA Tale of Two Cities was a story about sacrifice and revenge before and during revolutionary France. Charles Dickens thought that if things did not change, then a violent revolution in England, similar to the French Revolution, was possible or in the future. In ââ¬Å"A Tale of Two Citiesâ⬠, Charles Dickens symbolizes the discord that the English and the French faced as he tears apart the two systems of their society. Charles Dickens, a brilliant author back in the 1850ââ¬â¢s, wrote ââ¬Å"A Tale of Two Citiesâ⬠Read More A Tale of Four Novels1596 Words à |à 7 Pages Charles Dickens once stated, My faith in the people governing is, on the whole, infinitesimal; my faith in the people is, on the whole, illimitable.(Fido 102), this is certainly reflected in A tale of two cities, which is a historical novel written by Dickens that outlines the events of the French Revolution through the story of a French aristocrat named Charles Darnay. Darnay is a Parisian aristocrat that renounces his aristocracy in order to pursue a new life in London where he falls in loveRead MoreTale Of Two Cities Juxtaposition Analysis980 Words à |à 4 PagesJuxtaposition is the comparison of two things put close together. It is evident that the stylistic element of juxtaposition plays a pivotal role in Charles Dickensââ¬â¢ world renowned novel, A Tale of Two Cities. In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens u tilizes juxtaposition to add a depth of meaning, specifically to illuminate socioeconomic disparities and unrest during the French Revolution, which is evident through the first chapter, the excessiveness aristocrats and the anguish of the peasants,Read MoreA Tale of Two Cities800 Words à |à 4 Pages Charles Dickens characterizes the settings in his novel, ââ¬Å"A Tale of Two Cities,â⬠through indirect comparison and contrast between Paris and London during the French Revolution, a political and social upheaval from 1789ââ¬â1799; ââ¬Å"There was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face on the throne of England; there was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face on the throne of France. In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves andRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1420 Words à |à 6 Pagesfellow countrymen set a gruesome scene in the cities and country sides of France. Charles Dickens uses a palate of storm, wine, and blood imagery in A Tale of Two Cities to paint exactly how tremendously brutal this period of time was. Dickens use of storm imagery throughout his novel illustrates to the reader the tremulous, fierce, and explosive time period in which the course of events takes place. Dickenââ¬â¢s use of illustrating storms throughout the novel serves the important purpose of showing theRead MoreCharles Dickens was one of the Brightest and Most Influential Writers of His Time1325 Words à |à 5 Pages The British writer Charles Dickens was one of the brightest and most influential people of his time. His many writings, including Great Expectations and A Christmas Carol, have been efficacious in many lives and have created a legacy of classics that will be read forever. Dickens, who was born in Portsmouth, England, was raised in a poor family, in which he had to work instead of attending school. Although not being able to go to school was detrimental to Charles, it gave him a chance to begin hisRead MoreThe Life of the Famous Author Charles Dickens899 Words à |à 4 PagesCharles Dickens was bo rn in Portsmouth, England, on February 7, 1812, to John and Elizabeth Dickens. He was the second of eight children. His mother had been in service to Lord Crew, and his father worked as a clerk for the Naval Pay office. John Dickens was imprisoned for debt when Charles was young. Charles Dickens went to work at a blacking warehouse, managed by a relative of his mother, when he was twelve, and his brush with hard times and poverty affected him deeply. He later recounted these
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Advertising Business As The Commercial Persuasion Industry
2) Rob Walker refers to the advertising business as the ââ¬Å"commercial persuasion industryâ⬠and offers the notion of ââ¬Å"murketingâ⬠as this industryââ¬â¢s current method of operation. a. What is ââ¬Å"Murketing?â⬠(Do not cite Wikipedia) Murketing, as described by Rob Walker, is a marketing approach in which ââ¬Å"the line between brand channels and everyday lifeâ⬠is blurred or unclear (Walker, 2008). As he pointed out, the dialogue that was prominent in previous marketing campaigns appears to be missing. For example, who is the targeted audience, why you should purchase these products, questions which are longer prominent (or at least not transparent) (Walker, 2008) What Walker described as the ââ¬Å"murketingâ⬠phenomenon is also articulated by other authors such as Anthony J. Cortese. Cortese asserted, ââ¬Å"Now, in order to market a brand, advertisers usually have to use a very soft sell. It is so soft that the product is not the focus and is, in fact, often jettisonable. It is not that advertising no longer wishes to be authoritative; rather, ads and commercials get the consumerââ¬â¢s attention by proclaiming their presence or participation and matter-of-factly admitting their ulterior motiv e-to sell their brand merchandise (Cortese, 2008). Murketing, therefore, allows consumers to place their own definition of value to the product. b. What effect does Walker see it having on us? Walkers contends, contrary to the belief that consumers have developed into a ââ¬Å"clever new creature,â⬠who areShow MoreRelated Health Hoax By Fast Food Companies Essay1469 Words à |à 6 PagesFor decades the Fast-food industry has supplied Americans with tasty, comforting food, quickly and for a low cost. It was not until recently, when the health craze first hit America in the late 1980ââ¬â¢s that the corporations developed a new approach to marketing their food products to fit their customerââ¬â¢s wants. Even the most common fast food chains, such as McDonalds and Subway started advertising ââ¬Å"healthierâ⬠food items on their menus to continue appealing to the general public. While fast food restaurantsRead MoreMedia Influences On Children s Life1742 Words à |à 7 Pagespeopleââ¬â¢s life, but are Americans fully aware that food industries generally targets children? The lawsuit brought by two teenagers, Ms. Bradley a 19 years old, weighs 270 pounds, Ms. Pelman a 14 years old, weighs 170 pounds, was whether McDonaldââ¬â¢s was responsible for their obesity because McDonaldââ¬â¢s did not provide the necessary information about the health risks associated with its meals that they eat. Placing the blame into the fast food industry for allegedly contributing to their obesity and healthRead MoreTaking a Look at Manipulative Advertising773 Words à |à 3 Pagesââ¬â¹The meaning of advertising is the act or practice of calling public attention to ones product, service, need, etc(cited in Collins English Dictionary). It has various forms such as televisions, newspapers, magazines, radios, mobiles, books, mailboxes, and through the networks. Advertising has become a part of our daily lives, and it affects our way of life because advertisements are everywhere: in the streets, supermarkets, shops and malls. In fact, advertising is one of the most influentialRead MoreEssay about The Fast Food Health Scam 1564 Words à |à 7 PagesF or decades the Fast-food industry has supplied Americans with tasty, comforting food, quickly and at a low cost. It was not until recently, when the health craze first hit America in the late 1980ââ¬â¢s that the corporations developed a new approach to marketing health food products to fit their customerââ¬â¢s wants (Nielsen). The most common fast food chains, such as McDonalds and Subway, started advertising ââ¬Å"healthierâ⬠food items on their menus to continue appealing to the general public. While fastRead MoreBig Mac Essay1252 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Haley Spencer Professor Flood English 101 20 October 2014 Big Mac with a Side of Apples and a Diet Coke For decades the fast-food industry has supplied Americans with tasty, comforting food, quickly and for a low cost. It was not until recently, when the health craze first hit America in the late 1980ââ¬â¢s that corporations developed a new approach to marketing health food products to fit their customerââ¬â¢s wants. Fast Food companies trick their costumers into believing the fast-food is healthier byRead More Advertising Manipulates People Essay1111 Words à |à 5 PagesIn our society, we are constantly surrounded by advertising. From the time our alarm clock wakes us up in the morning until we set it at night, our brains are bombarded with advertisements. Ads play a huge role in our lives, telling us what to buy, what car to drive, how our families should interact, and what we should look like. The business of Advertising is built on persuasion. Advertisements attempt to persuade us that we are not rich enough, pretty enough, thin enough, family oriented enoughRead MoreMcdona lds Advertising1454 Words à |à 6 PagesAdvertising generally tries to sell the things that consumers want even if they should not wish for them. Adverting things that consumers do not yearn for is not effective use of the advertiserââ¬â¢s money. A majority of what advertisers sell consists of customer items like food, clothing, cars and services-- things that people desire to have. On the other hand it is believed by some advertising experts that the greatest influence in advertising happens in choosing a brand at the point of sale.à AdvertisingRead More The Effects of Advertising Essay2130 Words à |à 9 Pagesdirect mail advertising, and almost 50 phone calls from telemarketers (Pratkanis and Aronson 2). All these, because sellers of everything, from computers to detergents, believe that advertising is essential to the product. Ed Ney, ex-chairman of the Young and Rubicam American agency, refers to the mid seventies when many firms still had as a debatable issue if they should advertise or not. Those days have passed. As Ney says, that has happened, because it has been proved that advertising is beneficialRead MorePublicizing Information in Propaganda Techniques831 Words à |à 3 Pagespolitics for posing unfair competition (Gardner). However, the contemporary business environment has recently advanced and perfected the use of propaganda in its numerous forms. The major propaganda techniques include assertion, bandwagon, card stacking, glittering generalities, lesser of two evils, name calling, pinpointing th e enemy, plain folks, simplification, transfer and testimonials (Conserva). The current day advertising techniques is widely employ propaganda to gain an extra advantage in popularizingRead MoreSponsorship Is A Marketing Communication Tool1281 Words à |à 6 Pagessponsorship is the ââ¬Ëprovision of assistance either financial or in kind to an activity by a commercial organization for the purpose of achieving commercial objectivesââ¬â¢, so a commercial organization could get more exposure to the audience on the new platform of sponsored activity, for instance sports competitions, which functions as the connection of the organization with the consumers. Although advertising may have the same objectives as sponsorship, sponsorship has its unique characteristics. Advertisements
Henry Giroux Rhetorical Analysis Essay - 1351 Words
Michaela Sheppard Dr. Carola Mattord English 1102 February 12, 2013 Rethinking Girouxââ¬â¢s Disney In Henry Girouxââ¬â¢s book, ââ¬Å"The Mouse that Roaredâ⬠he argues that Disney animated movies lead to the end of innocence in children. He focuses mainly on the images that Disney portrays towards gender roles and gender stereotyping. He primarily targets the issues that women are portrayed as being subordinate to men and are viewed as property and objects of desire instead of as human beings. Giroux is unconvincing in his argument because he writes above the level of thinking and comprehension that most children who are exposed to Disney films would posses; by focusing on specific scenes, while ignoring the overall morals throughout the rest ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Giroux argues that in Beauty and the Beast, Belle teaches young women that they are responsible for controlling a manââ¬â¢s anger and violence, and that any woman can change an abusive man into a Prince. However many children are going to be focused on the dancing, singing furniture rather than analyzing the message Giroux interprets; that Belle is just a prop used to solve the beastââ¬â¢s dilemma. The age of children that will be most influenced by Disney films, are at a level of thinking where they have not begun to recognize and understand the images that Giroux describes are embedded in the Disney films. Giroux supports his claims by dissecting various scenes from Disney animations to better describe his insinuations on what Disney films teach children. However Giroux tends to over analyze and take certain criteria out of context, and disregards other parts of the movies that would cause some of his analysis to be incorrect. For example he states that ââ¬Å"in Aladdin the issues of agency and power center primarily on the young street tramp Aladdin. Jasmine, the princess he falls in love with, appears as an object of his desire as well as a social stepping-stone.â⬠In the movie however, Aladdin is not in search of power and does n ot view Jasmine as a social-stepping stone, instead he wishes to be a prince in order to be allowed to marryShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words à |à 922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ââ¬ËThere is nothing so practical as a good theoryââ¬â¢ How Roethlisberger developed a ââ¬Ëpracticalââ¬â¢ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization
Empathy An Integral Model in the Counseling Process
Questions: 1. Why is suicide one of the hardest of all things for someone to bear? 2. What is society's response to suicide? 3. What may surprise and frighten some bereaved clients? 4. Which three things can the counsellow say in order to reassure a bereaved client about the intensity of his feeling? 5. What alarming yet normal phenomena might a bereaved person esperience? 6. Which signs or features may identify someone as requiring special help? 7. Who can a counsellor seek assistance from if he fears his client is at risk of suicide? 8. Why should a counsellor never be afraid to ask direct questions about suicide? 9. Describe the differences betweenj normal denial and pathological denial? 10. Why should the rights of a bereaved person be respoected? Answers: 1. Within the social context, suicide is considered to be the hardest of all things for someone to tolerate especially if someone is really close to the victim. It is majorly because of the various reasons of distresses, the individual feels that the death is the fault of his in some or the other way. Generally, people accept the occurrence of a natural death or that which has been known for a sometime. But, suicide is such a death that is completely unpredictable for the people of a society. It has a violent and brutal face(Clark, 2010). For anyone, the reality of suicide is really harsh to accept, especially that of a closed one. He or she may not be even a bit aware of the probable reason and so hardly bears the reality that the victim is gone forever. The concept of suicide makes a bereaved individual quite vulnerable from inside. It becomes intolerable for him to accept and adjust the sheer absence of the loved one. 2. Society has a vivid response towards the concept of suicide. When such a violent incident occurs, it is a common belief and thinking of people that someone has to take the blame of such a reality, and hence the society responses in a way that it has to lay the entire blame upon the person who is the closest to the deceased. The consequence is even worse than mere lack of sympathy. The society is said to response so as to accuse some or the other for occurrence of such an incident. The reaction is severe if the accusation is accepted, and if denied it would draw serious interference along with the process of mourning (Douglas and Morris, 2015). The societys response towards suicide is negative. It has been a common response of society that suicide means a blame on an individual or situations that led to such an incident. It has more to do with the guilt of an individual than that of personal weaknesses. The response of society can be interpreted variedly; more preferred is that of linking the blame of such an incident with someone very close to the victim. 3. For bereaved individuals, suicide may appear to be a drastic solution to counteract the issue of bereavement. It is often deemed to be an approach of attaining reunion with the loved one who is dead. Suicide may even end the process of grievances, misery and alienation. Some of the bereaved clients may feel surprised as well as frightened because of the sheer intensity of their imagining as well as emotions, specifically to follow a death which was violent in nature(Haugen and Box, 2006). It is important for them to receive advices from counselors regarding their mental state, whether their feelings and thoughts are normal or not, and whether it is normal to express grief by crying. All these may be imparted explicitly as well as by attitude which reflects that the counselor is least alarmed or surprised or frightened by any of such feelings. 4. When a bereaved client approaches a counselor, there are some aspects that the counselor must clarify before initiating the aid process. It is important for the counselor to assess and know at the very beginning about the mental condition of the bereaved individuals. He may ask question like as to how the client interprets the given situation, how he feels about the whole thing, and that of his entire thought and feelings if the situation (Hughes, 2003). Discussion on these matters would enable the client to speak his heart out to the counselor and that the counselor would receive an idea about the current mental state and condition of the bereaved individual. It is by means of a continued question session followed by discussion that the mental condition of the bereaved individual can be assessed and identified. 5. It is quite significant to understand that all those who try helping the bereaved must know the normal thing. All bereaved clients are so shocked by the unusual feelings of grievances that they often feel they are going insane and that of abnormalities. Such feeling is witnessed during experience of intense feelings of bitterness or anger, but can arise in context to perception disturbances(Neimeyer, 2000). Another common indication of insanity is that of hallucination and may be alarming towards those clients experiencing hypnagogic hallucination of someone dead. Clients may be reassured of the normality of such phenomenon. Another alarming source is vivid nightmare. Distraction, difficulty in memorizing things and minor sense of unreality are some attributes of specific reaction of bereavement which may result in client concerns. 6. From various situations that a client goes through, it may be easily predicted if the client needs some help and support or not. The absence of grief at a situation where grief was expected, prolonged physical symptoms, cases of panic, excessive guilt feelings or anger or intense grief much beyond normal state must be considered to be the signs or indications that the client need some help. The signs must not be interpreted that the client is going through the phase of insanity as psychosis like that may seem quite rare outcome of bereavement(Ã , 2007). Clients exhibiting theses sings need special care and support. The counselor determines that the bereaved individual needs support and help when he feels observes some unusual behavior in the client. When situations become tougher and severe, it starts reflecting upon the individual who has been exposed to the adversities of such situations. 7. Despite efforts of counselors, if it is assessed that the client is at worsening condition and for any reason the counselor feels that his support is not adequate for the client to recover from such a situation, he must seek advices from experts in this field. General practitioner must be brought to the picture. The client should be given assistances of psychiatrist and this would be effective and helpful if it is predicted that the client has a tendency of suicide. Often situation may get severe and worsening for counselors(Westefeld, 2000). They may feel and realize the need for improved and more effective treatment rather than mere discussion and problem-hearing. It is then that they feel the need to recommend the bereaved individuals to psychiatrists of other medical experts. 8. Counselors must not be afraid of asking direct questions related to suicide to the clients. it is important that the counselor comes to the actual matter of concern directly rather than going round and round. It is quite common that the bereaved individual would say that he would not care if he dies the very next day, and remarks like that may make the counselor little concerns. However, a client who seriously thinks of ending his life somehow must be recommended to a psychiatrist. In case if the client refuses to seek help from a psychiatrist, then at least the counselor must provide advices to the bereaved client(Townsend and Bagby, 2006). Normally, a bereaved person always tells about his intention to someone. Any direct question regarding such aspects to a client evokes him to answer directly if he has contemplated seriously such an action. Normally people feel scared to mention about suicide as if it would really occur if they mention. However, if a counselor asks a simple qu estion if that it had been so hard for him that he had decided to end his life can actually help him save a life. 9. The main distinction amidst normal and pathological denial is that within normal denial, substitute process is perceived to appear either conscious like soldier fighting for flags, and even unconscious but socially acceptable like old maid keeping pet as a companion. On the other hand, pathological denial refers to unconscious substitute to defend intention. It is one of the displacements like we learn from dreams or a primary source(Reis and Cornell, 2008). 10. Bereaved individuals have several rights like that of the right to expect considerate care for sake of their loved ones being dead. These rights must be respected by one and all. It is because then the society respects these rights of the bereaved individuals, it actually becomes easier for the bereaved individuals to bear the grief of losing loved ones(Paulson and Worth, 2002). When bereaved individuals are faced with grief situations, they need considerable care and concern from the society. Hence, some key rights are granted to them. When the society grants these rights and shows considerable respect towards these, the bereaved individuals feel pacified and relaxed and thus it becomes easier for them to accept the grief situation and move on. Adequate care and concern help them forget recover from such situations easily and steadily. References Clark, A. (2010). Empathy: An Integral Model in the Counseling Process.Journal of Counseling Development, 88(3), pp.348-356. Douglas, K. and Morris, C. (2015). Assessing Counselors' Self-Efficacy in Suicide Assessment and Intervention.Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation. Haugen, D. and Box, M. (2006).Suicide. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press/Thomson Gale. Hughes, R. (2003). Suicide Grief Work and Pastoral Counseling.American Journal of Pastoral Counseling, 6(2), pp.43-62. Neimeyer, R. (2000). Suicide and Hastened Death: Toward a Training Agenda for Counseling Psychology.The Counseling Psychologist, 28(4), pp.551-560. Paulson, B. and Worth, M. (2002). Counseling for Suicide: Client Perspectives.Journal of Counseling Development, 80(1), pp.86-93. Reis, C. and Cornell, D. (2008). An Evaluation of Suicide Gatekeeper Training for School Counselors and Teachers.Professional School Counseling, 11(6), pp.386-394. Townsend, L. and Bagby, D. (2006).Suicide. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press. Westefeld, J. (2000). Introduction to the Major Contribution on Suicide.The Counseling Psychologist, 28(4), pp.443-444. Ã , (2007). Suicide Postvention in Schools.koreajournalofcounseling, 8(1), pp.161-180.
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